Currently, the vast majority of engineering colleges offer majors related to automation or automation. Although the enrollment situation may not be as good as some popular majors, it can be said that it is still quite popular. The issue we are discussing here is whether the current enrollment scale of this major can meet the needs of social development in the next 4 years or even beyond, and whether there is a need to further expand enrollment.
Firstly, clarify the training objectives for students majoring in automation. The current introduction of the training objectives for automation majors in various universities is generally described as: cultivating engineering skills and certain professional knowledge in a wide range of fields such as electrical engineering, electronic technology, control theory, automatic detection and instrumentation, information processing, systems engineering, computer technology and applications, and network technology, capable of handling motion control, industrial process control, power electronics technology, detection andAutomated instrumentsSenior engineering and technical personnel engaged in system analysis, system design, system operation, scientific and technological development and research in the fields of electronics and computer technology, information processing, management and decision-making. Once the goal is clear, focus on it and examine its status and role, current situation and developmenthuman resourcesExplore its development prospects based on factors such as supply and demand.
The Status and Role of Automation Technology in Industry and Other Fields
1. Automation technology is the pillar of modern industrial development and holds an important position. Automation technology is a control technology that has developed and matured after the Second Industrial Revolution. It has rich connotations and broad extensions, and the fields or technical aspects involved may include:
·(1) Electricity and power transmission and distribution;
·(2) Power devices and power electronics technology;
·(3) Electric motors and electric drives;
·(4) Electrical measurement and testing technology;
·(5) Electrical components and electrical control, PLC control technology;
·(6) New power sources and power electronic devices;
·(7) Energy saving technology and harmonic suppression;
·(8) Household appliances andoffice equipmentWait.
From the current development perspective, automation technology comprehensively utilizes knowledge from disciplines such as computer technology, manufacturing technology, control technology, electronic technology, communication technology, and management science. It adopts equipment integration and information integration to achieve functions such as planning and design, production and manufacturing, management and salesAutomated control. The content covered covers a wide range from the lowest level of sensing elements and sensors to actuators, automated monitoring systems, etc. It is an important pillar technology for the establishment and development of modern industry, one of the key technologies related to the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's lives, and a crucial key technology for industrial development in this century. Its importance is self-evident.
1.2 Automation technology is a symbol of national modernization and plays a prominent role
The role of automation technology is reflected in its orientation towards the entire industrial sector, serving as a link between traditional and modern industries, and being a key means of transforming modern management and information technologies into real productivity. In industries such as mining, petroleum, building materials, chemical, pharmaceutical, light industry, power, automobile manufacturing, and military, the improvement of production efficiency relies on the improvement of control technology automation level. In the past decade, China's national economy GDP has maintained a long-term growth rate of over 7%, and in the past two years, China's automobile industry has maintained a growth rate of over 15%. One of the reasons for this is due toautomatic production lineThe popularization and improvement of automation technology play a leading and supporting role. Especially since the Second Industrial Revolution, electrical and electrical control technology has become a necessary technical support for people's production, life, and even survival. It has played a crucial role in the technological transformation of traditional industrial technology in large and medium-sized enterprises, as well as in the efficient and energy-saving development of high-tech industries. It has become one of the indispensable key technologies in many high-tech systems today, and its application fields involve almost all industrial sectors. Its importance has been or is increasingly prominent in the development of a country's industry, a company's participation in fierce competition in the international community, and even the strength and modernization of a country's national defense forces.
The development prospects of automation technology in the industrial field
2.1 Currently in Chinaautomation equipmentThe application of technology is still relatively backward
Since the implementation of reform and opening up in the 1980s, the application of automation technology in China has achieved considerable results and made great contributions to the construction and development of the national economy. However, compared with the international industry, China's automation level is still in a relatively immature and fragile period. The use of automation technology to transform traditional industries is basically in its infancy, and industrialization is still in the middle stage of development. There is still a significant gap in industrial automation level compared to developed countries in the world. Therefore, the country has proposed that the main task of economic construction and reform in the first 20 years of this century is to basically achieve industrialization, vigorously promote informatization, and further propose that informatization is an inevitable choice for China to accelerate industrialization and modernization. Yang Heng, President of Shenzhen Hengshengfei Technology, pointed out that automation plays a bridging and linking role between informatization and industrialization. From these discussions, we can see that in the face of the backwardness of China's traditional industries, the country will increase the pace of technological transformation, making China's industrial technology diversified, automated, and intelligent. The adoption of automation technology is an important means to develop and improve the technological level of various industries in the national economy, and it is also a key application technology for China to achieve technological transformation of traditional industries, establish an automated industrial system, and high-tech industries. Therefore, the development prospects of this profession are huge and the market is broad.
Currently, with the advancement of science and technology and the upgrading of high-tech products, it is becoming increasingly common for large and medium-sized enterprises in industries such as metallurgy and petrochemicals to adopt new technologies and processes, eliminate existing process equipment, and carry out a series of technological transformations of old enterprises. This is due to the heavy workload and high demand for talent. Among these technological transformations, the automation transformation of production processes is an important aspect that cannot be ignored, and a considerable proportion of them are automation transformation of small and medium-sized production processes. These production processes are not only a few of the main process flows of enterprises, but also a considerable number of auxiliary production processes that are matched with the main process flows. In these small and medium-sized production processes, the original automation detection and control instruments and electrical equipment are outdated, with low technological content. Some products are even from the 1950s and 1960s, and it is imperative to use modern and newer control technologies to improve their automation conditions. The application of small and medium-sized control systems has become the mainstream of this series of technological improvements. Before the 1990s, the protection and detection systems of power systems in China's petrochemical enterprises mostly used electromagnetic and transistor protection. However, after the 1990s, the comprehensive electrical control automation system for power transformation and distribution based on high-tech such as computer technology, communication technology, and network technology gradually gained widespread application in petrochemical enterprises. For example, there are currently 390000 industrial boilers and 360000 25m3 industrial fermentation tanks of three types (biological, alcoholic, and seasoning) in China, all of which lack effective specialized equipmentautomatic control systemTherefore, there is a considerable market demand for technological transformation in this area. The latest research report from the National Bureau of Statistics predicts that China's automobile production will surpass France in 2003, making it the fourth largest automobile producing country in the world after the United States, Japan, and Germany. The automotive and automotive industry is an industrial field where automation technology is widely applied, and a modern car is an integrated automation system. Therefore, this indicates that there will be a considerable demand for automation technology talents in the coming years.
Analysis of Employment Prospects for Graduates
3.1 It is difficult for China's existing specialized technical talents to support the country's modernization development. In today's world, the wave of information technology industry is sweeping across the globe, and automation control technology with information technology as the development goal has been on the rise in recent years. For a country like China, which has the opportunity to become a world processing plant, the development of automation technology cannot be ignored. According to relevant research departments in Beijing, the production scale of China's manufacturing industry is only 1/5 of that of the United States, 1/4 of that of Japan, and the labor productivity of the industry is 4 38%, Japan's 4 07%, Germany's 5 56 %; The total output value of the manufacturing industry is only 1/9 of that of the United States and 1/4 of that of Japan; The per capita output value is only 1/40 of Japan's. It can be seen that in the global manufacturing industry, the development space of China's manufacturing industry is very broad, and it is an industry that can be rapidly improved and vigorously developed. In the process of upgrading this industry, the large-scale adoption of technical talents cannot be ignored or lacking. However, according to the "Report on Education and Human Resources in China", more than half of the employees in China's primary industry have an education level of primary school or below, which seriously affects the transfer of population, technological level, and production efficiency in the primary industry. However, in China's secondary industry, which is mainly composed of manufacturing and construction industries, the proportion of people who have received higher education is less than 6%, and the average education years of employees are 9.44 years, which is only equivalent to the level of junior high school graduates. Compared with the same industry in Japan, the per capita education years differ by about 3 years. The proportion of employees with college education or above in China is even greater than that in Japan, with a difference of about 5 times in the manufacturing and construction industries. The overall cultural quality of the labor force in the secondary industry is difficult to support the continuous improvement of technological progress and labor productivity in China's manufacturing industry, and it is currently difficult to establish China's position as the "world manufacturing factory". So, a large number of professional talent education and training are necessary.
3.2 The demand for professional and technical talents in the manufacturing industry is surging. According to relevant statistics and predictions from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, China's urgent need for talents in the next few years mainly includes the following eight categories: high-tech talents represented by electronic technology, biotechnology, aerospace technology, ocean utilization, and new energy and new materials; Information technology talents; Mechanical and electrical integration professional technical talents; Agricultural technology talents; Environmental protection technology talents; Talents in biotechnology research and development; International trade talents; Lawyer talent.
A study on education research in Shanghai also indicates that with the development of China's economy and society; In the next 10 years, there will be significant changes in China's demand for talent. From the perspective of technological and industrial development, China will vigorously develop six major technological fields in the coming years: biotechnology, information technology, new material technology, new energy technology, space technology, and ocean technology. Six major technologies can form nine high-tech industries: biotechnology, biomedicine, optoelectronic information, intelligent machinery, software, superconductors, solar energy, space industry, and marine industry. Behind these new technologies and talent demands, there is a background in automation. According to the technical statistics of the Hubei Provincial Talent Exchange Center in 2002, the employment situation in the IT industry declined slightly last year, but regarding automation andmachine designThe resurgence of majors such as manufacturing automation and the marketization of human resources appropriately reflect the strong development trend of China's manufacturing industry today.
3. Insufficient reserve capacity for the cultivation of undergraduate automation professionals
According to the enrollment plan of ordinary universities in Hubei Province in 2002, out of the 222 second-class science and engineering colleges that were enrolled in Hubei Province, 76 schools enrolled students majoring in electrical engineering and automation, accounting for 34% of the total enrollment. The total number of students enrolled was 1084, accounting for 5% of the total enrollment of second-class science and engineering colleges (20372) 32%. It is obvious that this talent reserve cannot meet the development and demand of manufacturing and application fields in the future. Therefore, it is very necessary to add this major in capable universities, increase enrollment, and provide more available talents for China's sustainable development and the path of new industrialization. According to the employment rate statistics of undergraduate majors in ordinary universities in 2000, the employment rate of electrical engineering was 86 2 % ,Instruments and ApparatusesClass is 90.0%. This statistical data tells us that with the rapid development of industrialization and modernization in the country, the employment situation for automation majors is very promising in the next few years. In summary, the automation major is a necessity for technological development, social progress, national defense construction, and national development. It is a sunrise major that integrates current science and technology and has great development prospects. It is necessary to vigorously cultivate and develop it.
3.4 Automation technology is an important aspect of the new technological revolution
The research, application, and promotion of automation technology will have a profound impact on the way humans produce and live. Currently, China is promoting the use of information technology (including computersautomationThe policy of transforming old production processes, improving product quantity and quality, and enhancing management and business level through information technology is an example. It can be firmly believed that this national policy will promote the development of new automation technologies and have a huge impact on the modernization of China's industry, management, and national defense.
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